استراتيجيات تدريس القراءة والكتابة لذوي الذكاء البصري (المكاني)
يناير 27, 2022مؤسسة الإمارات للتعليم تعلن عن تحدي القراءة العربي
يناير 31, 2022
تتعدد الأهداف المدرسية وطرائقها وأساليب تقويمها يومياً، ويقع المعلم إثرها في حيرة من أمره ويتساءل: "ما السؤال الأنسب لهذه الفقرة؟" "ما الاختبار الذي يجب أن أتبعه لأصل إلى مخرجات تعليمية صحيحة؟" "هل أضع اختباراً مقالياً أم موضوعياً؟" " ما الاختبار الموضوعي؟" "وكيف أضع اختباراً تحصيلياً موضوعياً جيداً؟"
ما الاختبار الموضوعي؟
هي الاختبارات التي لا يختلف المصححون عند تطبيقها، فمن مزاياها: الثبات والصدق، الموضوعية والسرعة في التصحيح، والشمولية، وثمة أنواع عديدة للاختبار الموضوعي منها: أسئلة الاختيار من متعدد، المطابقة (الوصل)، أسئلة الصح والخطأ، أسئلة الإكمال (الفراغات).
أخطاء يجب تجنبها عند وضع أسئلة اختيار من متعدد
تكرار كلمة محددة ضمن الخيارات (المشتتات):
وذلك على النحو الآتي: الانحراف المعياري هو :
1. مقياس للترابط.
2. مقياس للتشتت.
3. مقياس للنزعة المركزية.
ولتجنبها حاول أن تجعل معظم المعلومات المتكررة أو الطويلة ضمن الأرومة فقط، وأن تجعل الخيارات قصيرة قدر الإمكان.
جعل مستويات الأسئلة كلها تدور حول التذكر أو الفهم:
فهذه الأسئلة لا تقيس قدرات الطالب العليا أو مستويات بلوم العليا للتفكير والمعرفة.
ولتجنبها اختر موضوعاً جديداً تختبر فيها الطالب أو ضع أسئلة تقيس قدرة الطالب على التطبيق والتحليل والتقويم.
وضع خيارات غير متناسبة في الطول والصياغة، وجعل الإجابة الصحيحة أطول الخيارات:
وذلك لأن الإجابة الصحيحة يمكن اكتشافها سريعاً.
ويمكن تجنبها عبر اختيار مشتتات مستاوية في الطول.
والخطأ الأكثر شيوعاً وانتشاراً هو استخدام خيار "كل ما سبق صحيح" أو "كل ما سبق خاطئ":
وذلك لأن أي جابة خاطئة/ صحيحة ضمن الخيارات تجعل تخمين الطالب للإجابة الصائبة أكبر واختياره إياها أسرع.
تجنبها بعدم اختيارك إياها.
عدم تنويع الخيارات يجعل الطالب أو المفحوص يكتشف الخيار الصحيح، ويفتح باباً واسعاً للتخمين:
تجنبها عبر تنويع الخيارات وأسلوبها موقعها لتضمن تخميناً أقل.
اختيار بدائل تشير للطالب أو للمفحوص أو توحي له بالإجابة الصحيحة:
وذلك يخلّ بصدق الاختبار وصدقه ويجعل المفحوص أكثر عرضة للتخمين.
لتجنبها حاول أن تجعل الخيارات كلها في الظاهر تبدو كما لو كانت صحيحة، اجعلها جذابة للطالب الذي لا يعرف الإجابة الصحيحة، نسقها منطقياً، واختر البدائل الممثلة للأخطاء الشائعة بين المفحوصين.
هل كنت تستخدم أحد هذه الأسئلة؟ وكيف ستتجنبها في الاختبارات المقبلة؟
ما الأساليب التي تتبعها عادة مع طلابك؟
حررت هذه المقالة "المعلمة وداد" لموقع المدرس العربي اعتماداً على كتاب: القياس والتقويم للدكتور مخائيل أمطانيوس.
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